Page 64 - Profile's Unit Trusts & Collective Investments - March 2025

CHAPTER 3

EACs allow investors to compare different types of products and different channels, including unit
trusts, endowment policies, wrapper funds, retirement annuities (RAs), preservation funds and
living annuities.
The reason for another cost measure is that the TER does not allow for all the expenses
associated with fixed term products. Unlike the TER, the EAC makes it possible to compare costs
over defined periods, which is important for charges like initial fees which need to be amortised
over the life spans of product options to achieve fairly comparable results.
The EAC comprises four components which are calculated separately and then combined to
reflect the total EAC:
Investment Management Charges (IMC): costs and charges associated with management of
all underlying investment portfolios
Advice Charges: initial and annual fees, both lump sum and recurring
Administration Charges: all costs of administration
Other Charges: a category for all remaining costs, including exit charges, penalties, loyalty
bonuses, guarantees, smoothing or risk benefits, wrap fund charges and risk benefits (such
as waiver of premium)
Four mandatory disclosure periods are required, as illustrated in Chart 3.4. For open-ended
products this is one, three, five and 10 years. For “term” products the 10-year column must reflect
the “end of term” period, as defined, or age 55 term in the case of an RA or other retirement product.
The need for disclosure periods arises because of once-off costs. In the case of unit trusts, for
example, a compulsory initial charge that is expressed as a percentage of a lump sum investment
must be amortised on a straight line basis over the relevant disclosure period (ie, the initial charge
is divided by the number of years).
The EAC must be calculated once a year by end March (using data up to 31 December).
Technically, the EAC standard provides for a combination of calculation methodologies in
order to cope with the wide range of products to which it applies. Like reduction in yield (RiY),
EAC is a forward projection, but certain costs must be based on historical data (eg, for IMC, the
TER principles are specified). Where an RiY methodology has to be used (for example, where a
payout depends on the term and the capital value on termination), the EAC standard specifies a
growth rate of 6% per annum (gross).
Chart 3.4 illustrates EAC disclosure for a financial product that includes a compulsory initial
charge, a compulsory advice fee, and an exit charge if held for less than 10 years. The latter is
reflected in ‘Other’. Note that the ‘Other’ row may be omitted from the table if all values are zero.
Chart 3.4
Charges 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years Term to Maturity
Investment Management 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
Advice 1.00% 1.00% 0.50% 0.50%
Administration 0.50% 0.30% 0.30% 0.20%
Other 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.00%
Effective Annual Cost 2.80% 2.60% 2.10% 1.70%

Reduction in Yield
RiY is a method used by the life assurance industry to illustrate the possible effect of costs on
an investment. It is expressed as a percentage designed to estimate the decrease in total annual
returns likely to be attributable to costs.
The total annual return is the percentage gain per year as a result of capital appreciation,
interest and dividends (assuming these are reinvested). An RiY of 3% means that the product
provider expects that 3% of the annual return – over the life of the product – will be absorbed by
costs. This figure can be deceptive: it reflects actual percentage points, not a fraction.

62 Profile’s Unit Trusts & Collective Investments — Understanding Unit Trusts